Background on South Sudan

South Sudan, the world’s youngest nation, gained independence from Sudan in 2011 after enduring nearly three decades of civil war. Unfortunately, the newly formed country quickly descended into its own civil conflict in 2013, primarily driven by rival factions supporting President Salva Kiir and his deputy, Riek Machar. Although a peace agreement was established in 2018, the promised presidential elections have yet to take place, allowing Kiir to maintain his position as the country’s leader.

Recent Developments

In a troubling turn of events, tensions re-escalated last month when Machar was detained, along with his associates, leading to declarations from his political party that the peace accord has effectively collapsed. Analysts are voicing concerns that this situation could precipitate a return to all-out civil war, significantly endangering civilian populations within South Sudan.

U.S. Policy and South Sudanese Nationals

Amid these developments, U.S. Senator Marco Rubio made headlines with his announcement regarding South Sudanese deportations. This move has drawn criticism from experts who argue that many South Sudanese nationals in the U.S.—whether working, studying, or honing skills crucial for their country—are voiceless in the decisions made by their government.

Rebecca Hamilton, a law professor at American University and executive editor for Just Security, described the situation as “wrongheaded cruelty,” highlighting the lack of agency among these individuals. Similarly, Mike Brand, a professor with expertise in human rights and atrocities prevention, stated that forcing people back to South Sudan is irresponsible, given the imminent risks of civil unrest.

Diplomatic Strains

In a related context, the U.S. Deputy Secretary of State, Christopher Landau, remarked on social media about the South Sudan government’s refusal to accept the return of a national certified by their own embassy in Washington, indicating ongoing diplomatic difficulties. He stated, “Our efforts to engage diplomatically with the South Sudanese government have been rebuffed.” In response, South Sudan claimed the deported individual was not a citizen of their country and affirmed their commitment to cooperating with U.S. immigration and deportation policies.

Temporary Protected Status (TPS) and Its Implications

In 2011, the Obama administration granted Temporary Protected Status (TPS) to South Sudanese nationals in the U.S., which prevents deportation due to ongoing violence and instability in their home country. This designation was extended under the Biden administration but is now set to expire shortly. Currently, only 155 individuals hold TPS from South Sudan, and experts speculate that Rubio’s comments may signify impending termination of this status.

Experts in the field are urging for a review of this critical protection, as many South Sudanese remain in precarious circumstances. Hamilton noted that while no public announcement has been made regarding an extension, the rhetoric suggests a potential reshaping of current immigration policies affecting these individuals.

Historical Context: The “Lost Boys” of Sudan

The plight of South Sudanese nationals in the U.S. is not without historical precedent. In the early 2000s, thousands of “lost boys,” children displaced by the prolonged conflict in Sudan, were resettled in the U.S., illustrating the long-term impacts of civil unrest on future generations. Stories from these individuals, like John Skiles Skinner, who taught citizenship courses to South Sudanese refugees, showcase the resilience and determination of those affected.

Looking Ahead

The ever-evolving political landscape in South Sudan necessitates careful monitoring, particularly for those who could face deportation back to a country on the brink of further turmoil. Athletes like Khaman Maluach, who left South Sudan as a child, could also experience repercussions stemming from recent U.S. policy changes. As the situation unfolds, the lives of countless individuals depend on the international community’s response to these pressing humanitarian concerns.